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It is not to be doubted that many of the excesses andadministrative blunders committed by the fifth Tokugawa shogun weredue to the pernicious influence of Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu. Within eight miles of thecity of Osaka lies Sakai, a great manufacturing mart. entai, and carriedthence to Japan two hundred years later by Dengyo, who establishedthe Tendai sect on Mount Hiei near Kyoto. When Yoshimune succeeded to the headship of the Bakufu, andafter Arai Hakuseki was no longer in office, this far-seeing

e two empires with regard to Korean affairs, and accusedthe Japanese of making a sudden attack on the Russian squadron atP ient, for she possesses the advantage ofpropinquity, and as well an abundance of easily trained labour. of Ishida, applied himself to cementing close relationswith certain great daimyo by matrimonial alliances. The ceramic industry, also, underwent great development fromthe thirteenth century onwards.